\u00da\u010del a klasifik\u00e1cia \u0161\u00e1cht
\nHlavn\u00e1 funkcia hriade\u013eov: podpora rotuj\u00facich \u010dast\u00ed, prenos pohybu a v\u00fdkonu
\nKlasifik\u00e1cia pod\u013ea nosnosti:
\n- Rota\u010dn\u00fd hriade\u013e: zn\u00e1\u0161a ohybov\u00fd moment aj kr\u00fatiaci moment po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky
\n- Vreteno: nesie len ohybov\u00fd moment
\n- Hriade\u013e prevodovky: nesie len kr\u00fatiaci moment, nie ohybov\u00fd moment (alebo ve\u013emi mal\u00fd ohybov\u00fd moment)
\nKlasifik\u00e1cia pod\u013ea tvaru osi:
\n- K\u013eukov\u00fd hriade\u013e: ojnica k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea m\u00f4\u017ee realizova\u0165 vz\u00e1jomn\u00fa konverziu medzi rota\u010dn\u00fdm pohybom a vratn\u00fdm pohybom
\n- Priamy hriade\u013e
\n- Optick\u00fd hriade\u013e: jednoduch\u00fd tvar, \u013eahk\u00e9 spracovanie, m\u00e1lo zdrojov koncentr\u00e1cie nap\u00e4tia; be\u017ene sa pou\u017e\u00edva na vreten\u00e1 a prevodov\u00e9 hriadele
\n- Stup\u0148ovit\u00fd hriade\u013e: jednoduch\u00e1 mont\u00e1\u017e a umiestnenie dielov na hriadeli; be\u017ene sa pou\u017e\u00edva pre rota\u010dn\u00e9 hriadele
\nKlasifik\u00e1cia pod\u013ea toho, \u010di je pevn\u00e1:
\n- Pevn\u00fd hriade\u013e: v\u0161eobecne
\n- Dut\u00fd hriade\u013e: zn\u00ed\u017eenie hmotnosti hriade\u013ea; in\u0161tal\u00e1cia \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u010dast\u00ed do hriade\u013ea pre \u0161peci\u00e1lne po\u017eiadavky; pr\u00edle\u017eitosti s obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdmi funkciami; pomer vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho a vonkaj\u0161ieho priemeru je zvy\u010dajne 0,5 ~ 0,6
\n- Dr\u00f4ten\u00e1 ohybn\u00e1 hriade\u013e (dr\u00f4ten\u00e1 ohybn\u00e1 hriade\u013e): m\u00e1 dobr\u00fa ohybnos\u0165 a m\u00f4\u017ee flexibilne pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 rota\u010dn\u00fd pohyb do uzavret\u00e9ho priestoru
\nHlavn\u00fd obsah kon\u0161trukcie hriade\u013ea
\nKon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh
\n\u0160truktur\u00e1lna forma
\nRozmery
\nV\u00fdpo\u010det pracovnej kapacity
\nSila: Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov sa vy\u017eaduje len v\u00fdpo\u010det pevnosti hriade\u013ea.
\nTuhos\u0165: V pr\u00edpade hriade\u013eov s vysok\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami na tuhos\u0165 a \u0161t\u00edhlych hriade\u013eov s ve\u013ek\u00fdmi silami by sa mal vykona\u0165 v\u00fdpo\u010det tuhosti
\nVibra\u010dn\u00e1 stabilita: V pr\u00edpade hriade\u013eov pracuj\u00facich pri vysok\u00fdch r\u00fdchlostiach by sa mal vykona\u0165 v\u00fdpo\u010det vibra\u010dnej stability
\nMateri\u00e1ly hriade\u013ea
\nUhl\u00edkov\u00e1 oce\u013e, legovan\u00e1 oce\u013e
\nNaj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 oce\u013e 45
\nScen\u00e1re pou\u017eitia legovanej ocele: prenos ve\u013ek\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu, vy\u017eadovanie men\u0161\u00edch rozmerov a hmotnosti, zlep\u0161enie odolnosti \u010dapu proti opotrebovaniu a hriadele pracuj\u00face pri vysok\u00fdch alebo n\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch
\nPri be\u017en\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch (menej ako 200 \u00b0C) s\u00fa moduly pru\u017enosti r\u00f4znych uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch a legovan\u00fdch ocel\u00ed podobn\u00e9, tak\u017ee pri v\u00fdbere typu ocele a ur\u010dovan\u00ed sp\u00f4sobu tepeln\u00e9ho spracovania ocele sa vych\u00e1dza z pevnosti a odolnosti proti opotrebovaniu, nie z ohybovej alebo torznej tuhosti hriade\u013ea.<\/p>\n
R\u00f4zne tepeln\u00e9 \u00fapravy (ako napr\u00edklad vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00e9 kalenie, nauhli\u010dovanie, nitridovanie, kyanidovanie at\u010f.) a \u00fapravy na spevnenie povrchu (ako napr\u00edklad kuli\u010dkovanie, valcovanie at\u010f.) maj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv na zlep\u0161enie \u00fanavovej pevnosti hriade\u013ea.<\/p>\n
Kon\u0161trukcia hriade\u013ea
\nKon\u0161trukcia hriade\u013ea: primeran\u00fd tvar hriade\u013ea + v\u0161etky kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 rozmery
\nFaktory ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face \u0161trukt\u00faru hriade\u013ea:<\/p>\n
1. Mont\u00e1\u017ena poloha a tvar hriade\u013ea v stroji<\/p>\n
2. Typ, ve\u013ekos\u0165, mno\u017estvo a sp\u00f4sob pripojenia \u010dast\u00ed in\u0161talovan\u00fdch na hriadeli<\/p>\n
3. Charakter, ve\u013ekos\u0165, smer a rozlo\u017eenie za\u0165a\u017eenia<\/p>\n
4. Technol\u00f3gia spracovania hriade\u013eov
\nPo\u017eiadavky na kon\u0161trukciu \u0161achty:<\/p>\n
- Hriade\u013e a diely in\u0161talovan\u00e9 na hriadeli musia ma\u0165 presn\u00fa pracovn\u00fa polohu<\/p>\n
- Diely na hriadeli by sa mali da\u0165 \u013eahko in\u0161talova\u0165, demontova\u0165 a nastavi\u0165<\/p>\n
- Hriade\u013e by mal ma\u0165 dobr\u00fa v\u00fdrobn\u00fa spracovate\u013enos\u0165<\/p>\n
Ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00fdm by ste mali venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 pri objedn\u00e1van\u00ed hriade\u013eov
\nPrevodov\u00fd hriade\u013e je z\u00e1kladnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou mechanick\u00e9ho prevodov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. V skuto\u010dnosti je potrebn\u00e9 pred k\u00fapou objasni\u0165 niektor\u00e9 veci. Prvou s\u00fa \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie, ako napr\u00edklad po\u017eiadavky na priemer, d\u013a\u017eku, materi\u00e1l, povrchov\u00fa \u00fapravu at\u010f. hriade\u013ea. Druhou je materi\u00e1l. Medzi be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly patr\u00ed oce\u013e, hlin\u00edkov\u00e1 zliatina, zliatina tit\u00e1nu at\u010f. Vyberte si vhodn\u00fd materi\u00e1l pod\u013ea potrieb a \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm je moment zotrva\u010dnosti, \u010do je fyzik\u00e1lna veli\u010dina, ktor\u00e1 meria schopnos\u0165 objektu udr\u017ea\u0165 si svoj p\u00f4vodn\u00fd rota\u010dn\u00fd stav. Pri k\u00fape hnacieho hriade\u013ea mus\u00edte zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165, \u010di jeho moment zotrva\u010dnosti sp\u013a\u0148a va\u0161e potreby. Ak je moment zotrva\u010dnosti pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00fd, m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 nestabilitu pri rozjazde alebo raden\u00ed, a dokonca aj vibr\u00e1cie a hluk. Okrem toho existuje presnos\u0165 a tolerancia. Ak s\u00fa presnos\u0165 a tolerancia pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017ee to sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 probl\u00e9my, ako s\u00fa vibr\u00e1cie, hluk a opotrebovanie. Preto pri k\u00fape hnacieho hriade\u013ea mus\u00edte venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 tomu, \u010di jeho presnos\u0165 a tolerancia vyhovuj\u00fa va\u0161im potreb\u00e1m. Nakoniec je tu ot\u00e1zka ceny.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1. Vysokokvalitn\u00e9 uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 ocele, ako napr\u00edklad uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 oce\u013e 35, 45 a 50, sa \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u010faka svojim vysok\u00fdm komplexn\u00fdm mechanick\u00fdm vlastnostiam, z ktor\u00fdch sa najviac pou\u017e\u00edva oce\u013e 45. Na zlep\u0161enie jej mechanick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed by sa mala vykona\u0165 normaliz\u00e1cia alebo kalenie a pop\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie. Pre ned\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 alebo menej nam\u00e1han\u00e9 hriadele sa m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017ei\u0165 uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 ocele, ako s\u00fa Q235 a Q275.
\n2. Legovan\u00e1 oce\u013e m\u00e1 vysok\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti, ale je drah\u0161ia a \u010dasto sa pou\u017e\u00edva na hriadele so \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi po\u017eiadavkami. Napr\u00edklad pre vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 hriadele vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00face klzn\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 sa be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00e9 legovan\u00e9 kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 ocele, ako s\u00fa 20Cr a 20CrMnTi. Po nauhli\u010den\u00ed a kalen\u00ed sa m\u00f4\u017ee zlep\u0161i\u0165 odolnos\u0165 krku hriade\u013ea proti opotrebovaniu; Hriade\u013e rotora stroja mus\u00ed ma\u0165 dobr\u00e9 vysokoteplotn\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti pri pr\u00e1ci pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, vysok\u00fdch ot\u00e1\u010dkach a ve\u013ekom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed. \u010casto sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa legovan\u00e9 kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 ocele ako 40CrNi a 38CrMoAlA. Na polotovar hriade\u013ea sa prioritne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u00fdkovky, potom oce\u013e; pri v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch rozmeroch alebo zlo\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch kon\u0161trukci\u00e1ch mo\u017eno uva\u017eova\u0165 o oce\u013eoliatine alebo tv\u00e1rnej liatine. Napr\u00edklad pou\u017eitie tv\u00e1rnej liatiny na v\u00fdrobu k\u013eukov\u00fdch a va\u010dkov\u00fdch hriade\u013eov m\u00e1 v\u00fdhody n\u00edzkych n\u00e1kladov, dobrej absorpcie vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed, n\u00edzkej citlivosti na koncentr\u00e1ciu nap\u00e4tia a dobrej pevnosti. Mechanick\u00fd model osi je nosn\u00edk a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich sa mus\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010da\u0165, tak\u017ee ich nap\u00e4tie je zvy\u010dajne symetrick\u00e9 cyklick\u00e9. Medzi mo\u017en\u00e9 formy poruchy patr\u00ed \u00fanavov\u00fd lom, lom z pre\u0165a\u017eenia a nadmern\u00e1 pru\u017en\u00e1 deform\u00e1cia. Na hriade\u013e je zvy\u010dajne potrebn\u00e9 nain\u0161talova\u0165 niektor\u00e9 diely s kolieskami, preto by v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina hriade\u013eov mala by\u0165 vyroben\u00e1 ako stup\u0148ovit\u00e9 hriadele s ve\u013ek\u00fdm mno\u017estvom rezu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hriadele s\u00fa hlavn\u00fdm produktom spolo\u010dnosti CHINA MACHINERY ENGINEERING WUXI CO., LTD. a s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm produktom \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm v mnoh\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch odvetviach a aplika\u010dn\u00fdch scen\u00e1roch, ako s\u00fa mechanick\u00e9 prevody, v\u00fdroba vozidiel a priemyseln\u00e9 zariadenia. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa najm\u00e4 na dosiahnutie mnoh\u00fdch praktick\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ako je prenos s vysokou pevnos\u0165ou, presn\u00e9 prisp\u00f4sobenie a dlh\u00e1 \u017eivotnos\u0165.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":702,"template":"","adweb_product_categories":[78],"adweb_product_tags":[155,159,160,158,157,156,106],"gallery":[706,707,708,709,710,711,712,713,714,715,716,717,718,719,720,721,722,723,724,725,726,727,728,729,730,731,732,733,734,735],"order":"0","acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cmecsteel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/adweb_products\/701"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cmecsteel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/adweb_products"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cmecsteel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/products"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cmecsteel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cmecsteel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"adweb_product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cmecsteel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/adweb_product_categories?post=701"},{"taxonomy":"adweb_product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cmecsteel.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/adweb_product_tags?post=701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}